在现在的家私市场上，红木家私俨然变成大家心目中的高级中式家私的代表之一。红木经过四十多道工序才在工匠的巧手下变成合用的家私。但仿古门窗现在工业化开展的大环境布景下，红木家私制造中很多手艺技能都为机械锁替代，有一道主要的传统手艺工序——刹活正被大家渐渐忘记。

Now in the furniture market, mahogany furniture has become one of the representative senior Chinese furniture in the minds of the people. Rosewood after more than and 40 processes in his hands a combination of furniture. But now the development of industrialization, the antique doors and windows environment background, mahogany furniture manufacturing in a lot of technical skills for mechanical lock replacement, there is a main traditional craft process -- is being gradually forget we live.

刹活，就是在家私榫卯联东阳木雕厂系装置前，用腕子锯(一种小型手锯)将一切榫卯构造部位都再拉(锯)一遍，使其联系时肩口紧密结实。

The brake is in the living, furniture tenon joint Dongyang wood carving factory device, with the wrist saw (a small handsaw) will all have to pull the mortise and tenon structure position (SAW) again, make the connection mouth tight shoulder.

刹活技能的优点

Advantages of brake skills

经过比较发现，经过机械加工开榫断肩的榫卯构造部位，再经中式装修手艺刹活处理，其结实程度要优于未经刹活的榫卯。没经刹活处理的榫卯，在承重量到达100公斤时，便断开。而经过刹活处理的榫卯，在承重力到达200公斤时，承重物坠地。由此看来，经过刹活处理的榫柳，与没经过刹活处理的榫柳，承重力相差二倍以上。

Through the comparison, the tenon structural parts machining tenon broken shoulder, the Chinese style decoration craft brake live processing, the strong degree is better than that without brake live tenon. Without brake treatments tenon in bearing weight reached 100 kg, will be turned off. After treatment brake tenon, the bearing force reached 200 kg, bearing ground. In view of this, after the brake treatments tenon Liu, and not after the brake live processing tenon Liu, bearing capacity is more than two times.

刹活后的肩口相接的部分扩大来看就好像服装上的尼龙搭扣带相同。别的，手艺刹活还能够处理机械加工过程中，肩口崩边、崩碴等高速切削留下的不良瑕疵。

Brake after shoulder opening connected with the view as part of the expansion of the Velcro strip on the same clothing. Other craft can also handle the live brake machining process, shoulder opening edge cracking and collapse bad flaws in high-speed cutting left ballast.

技能原理

Skill principle

经过机械高速旋转切削，刀具刃口与坚固的红木木质纤维硬碰硬，于刹那间发生高温和高压，乃至能将榫头和肩的部位烧焦，经过揉捏，木材管脉被关闭，其外表变得非常润滑。榫卯联系时，肩口能够很紧密，乃至做到很难区分缝隙，可是过于润滑的外表使得榫卯联系的摩擦阻力大大削减，用于黏合的胶仅仅构成一层薄薄的胶膜，黏合力大大下降，榫卯联系的结实度并不高，而使家私全体易于过早的松懈开来。

After the high-speed rotating machinery cutting tool edge and solid mahogany wood fiber head, in an instant occurrence of high temperature and high pressure, and even can be tenon and shoulder parts of charred, kneaded, wood veins were closed, its appearance is very lubrication. Mortise and tenon connection, shoulder opening can very close, and even do it is difficult to distinguish between the gap, but the appearance of the friction resistance toolubrication tenon connection is greatly reduced, for bonding glue constitute only a thin layer of adhesive film, adhesive force greatly decreased, and the firmness of tenon connection is not high, and the furniture all susceptible to premature lax.

刹活后的肩口相接的部分扩大来看就好像服装上的尼龙搭扣带相同。尼龙搭扣带是50年前由瑞士工程师德梅斯特拉尔发明的，钩带和绒带双面复合起来时，经过硬挺的锦纶钩子勾住柔软的锦纶绒圈而起搭扣效果，略加轻压，就能发生较大的扣合力和撕揭力。

Brake after shoulder opening connected with the view as part of the expansion of the Velcro strip on the same clothing. A Velcro strap was invented by Swiss engineer Demeisitelaer 50 years ago, and the velvet belt hook with double combination, after a stiff nylon hook soft nylon velvet ring and clasp effect, slightly light pressure, will have larger buckle force and tearing force.

别的，手艺刹活还能够处理机械加工过程中，肩口崩边、崩碴等高速切削留下的不良瑕疵。

Other craft can also handle the live brake machining process, shoulder opening edge cracking and collapse bad flaws in high-speed cutting left ballast.

当然，刹活要多消耗一些工时，但对工匠基本功的请求更高更全部。刹活还要与铲活等手艺工序相配合。

Of course, the brake work to consume some time, but the basic request and craftsmen all. Brake and other skills to work together with the shovel.

红木家私的刹活技能

Mahogany furniture. Living skills

木材尽管经过烘干，但其剩余成长应力会永久不一样程度地停留在木材中。剩余成长应力随湿度添加而添加，没有剩余应力的木材是碳材。同一件家私，因为其木质纤维依原材料的成长部位不一样而应力不一样。经过刹活技能，其部件间榫卯衔接处使材质的管涌规矩与不规矩相衔接，使得应力在部件之间自我平衡，有助于在环境的改变下大大削减家私部件的走形和呲裂，特别体现在家私的四攒边技能上。

Although the wood is dried, its residual growth stress will remain permanently in the wood. The residual growth stress is added with the humidity, and the wood without residual stress is carbon. The same piece of furniture, because the wood fiber raw materials in different parts of the growth and stress are not the same. After the brake live skills among the components of mortise and tenon joint makes the material piping rules connected with the rules, make the stress in the part between the self balance, help in the environment change greatly cut the furniture parts out of shape and a crack, especially in the furniture of the four saving skills.

技能方法

Skills and methods

刹锯，刹活专用的小型手锯，也称腕子锯，其锯条通常为工匠由旧钟表发条手艺开齿改造而成，锯齿较小，齿路交织，通常都是老工匠凭经历手艺开齿，锯齿有芝麻齿和三路齿之分。

Brake brake saw, small live special also saw handsaw, wrist, the blade is usually made from old craftsman clockwork craft open tooth into smaller teeth, teeth are usually interwoven, the experience of the old craftsman craft open tooth, serrated teeth and three teeth with sesame road branch.

芝麻粒：刹锯的齿要尽量小，在制锯时加工成芝麻粒巨细，故称芝麻齿;

Sesame seeds: brake saw tooth to be as small as possible, processed into sesame size for sawing, so called sesame tooth;

三路齿：刹锯锯齿为三路齿，手艺将锯齿掰成左、中、右接连摆放，呈犬牙交织状，其技能关键在于，左齿、右齿的打开视点并非沿整个锯条全长都相同，而是中心部位打开视点突变的大于两头。

Three saw teeth: brake for the three teeth, Tooth Breaking skills will be left, right after a canine placed, inter - skill is the key, left and right tooth tooth open view is not full length along the entire blade are the same, but the center opened more than two point mutations.

刹锯起码要装备N把，根据家私器型的巨细，分为30公分至60公分不等的四把锯。工匠对自个的刹锯皆倍加保护，都是自个保护，从不交别人运用。

At least N saw brake equipment, according to the size of the furniture is divided into 30 types, ranging from four cm to 60 cm saw. All the more protection to the craftsman saw a brake, is a self protection, never pay by others.

刹活技能看似简略，本来要下一番功夫才能掌握，当年的老工匠学艺时都要操练一二年。首要刹锯的修整保护就很费功夫，因锯齿小、锯路细，年迈目炫者则不易修整得好，刹活手艺再好再老到，没有好锯也很难刹得出好活，这也就是“工欲善其事，必先利其器”的道理。

Brake life skills appears to be simple to have a lot of kung fu master, old craftsman has to practice one or two years of apprenticeship. First saw the brake dressing protection very hard, because small, fine saw toothed, old dazzle were not easily dressing well, brake technology no longer live old, no good saw is also very difficult to get good brake, which is the "Yu Shanqi thing, must first sharpen his" truth.

机械提高了生产功率，若再加上传统手艺刹活工序，使榫卯构造到达了完美，结实程度真可谓“逸我百年”。

Mechanical power to improve production, if coupled with the traditional craft brake live process, the structure of mortise and tenon reached perfect, strong degree really is "Yi I hundred years".